En la fisiopatología del síndrome metabólico (SM) se imbrican alteraciones en el metabolismo glucolipídico, estados proinflamatorios y protrombóticos.
El vínculo entre todas ellas se atribuye a la resistencia insulínica (RI), favorecida por el aumento de ácidos grasos libres, muchas veces relacionado con el sobrepeso. Este estado provoca trastornos en la utilización de glucosa celular, así como desregulación de su producción hepática.
El metabolismo lipídico presenta también las consecuencias de la RI, que desembocan en las alteraciones características del SM: hipertrigliceridemia e hipocolesterolemia HDL.
La hipertensión se relaciona con diferentes mecanismos como consecuencia de alteraciones en la vía de la insulina y en la regulación del sistema nervioso vegetativo.
Además de las repercusiones en el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis, últimamente se han relacionado el SM y la RI con otras enfermedades, como el hígado graso no alcohólico y el síndrome del ovario poliquístico.
Palabras clave
Resistencia insulínica
Fisiopatología
Síndrome metabólico
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